PREVALENCE OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ATTENDING JAKAYA KIKWETE CARDIAC INSTITUTE

Abstract

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for life-threatening
illnesses like cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is modifiable and common in
patients with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. It interacts with other risk factors to increase the risk of developing CVD. An unhealthy diet and physical inactivity cause increased body fat.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its associated factors among patients with cardiovascular disease attending the Jakaya Kikwete cardiac (JKCI) clinic.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study on 424 adult patients with cardiovascular disease was conducted at the JKCI clinic. It collected data on demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), Blood pressure (BP), waist-hip ratio, and lipid profiles for analysis at the JKCI laboratory. Dyslipidemia cut-off points were based on the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline. The study used SPSS 25 for data analysis, and results were presented using tables and text. Chi-square was used to determine significant associations (P≤0.05)
Results: A total of 424 participants were involved in the study. The majority of them were aged above 40 years 338 (79.7%). There was a female predominance of 222 (52.4). The prevalence of Dyslipidemia was found to be 223(52.6%), with 70 (16.5%) participants having high levels of total cholesterol, followed by high low-density lipoprotein(LDL)67 (15.8%) participants, then 48 (11.3%) with hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 38 (9%). Diabetes and hypertension were found to be statistically significantly associated with dyslipidemia, p value=0.039 and 0.027, respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult patients with cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with diabetes and hypertension